5 OSHA Workplace Hazards

Under the right circumstances, virtually anything can become hazardous in the workplace. However, sensible behavior and proper workplace conditions can greatly improve safety. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) categorizes workplace hazards into five main groups. Below, we review these categories and provide suggestions for mitigating the dangers associated with each.

1. Safety Hazards

Safety hazards refer to the conditions or substances in the work environment that can pose a risk of injury. Examples include:

• Never leaving machinery unattended while in use
• Practicing safety when working at heights
• Mandating the use of safety gear like hard hats and safety glasses
• Regular inspection of electrical wiring
• Providing proper signage (such as wet floor signs) to notify employees of spills and ensuring prompt clean-up

Even seemingly innocuous hazards, like wet floors or falling objects, have the potential to cause serious bodily harm. Implementing these safety measures can significantly reduce risks.

2. Biological Hazards

Biological hazards are present in environments where you may be exposed to infectious materials. Types of biological hazards include:

• Blood and other body fluids
• Fungi or mold
• Bacteria and viruses
• Plants
• Insect bites
• Animal and bird droppings

These hazards are often encountered in specific work environments, such as laboratories, hospitals, doctor's offices, nursing homes, and daycare centers. To minimize risk, establish a biohazard waste protocol that complies with regulations, keep necessary supplies (like disposable gloves) readily available, and use sorbents to clean up spills effectively.

3. Physical Hazards

Physical hazards are environmental factors that can cause injury without direct contact. Examples include:

• Radiation (ionizing and nonionizing, such as EMFs, microwaves, and radio waves)
• High exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet rays
• Temperature extremes – both hot and cold
• Constant loud noise

These hazards can be difficult to detect since the signs may not appear immediately. To reduce exposure, employers should provide appropriate protective equipment (such as double hearing protection) and develop practices to limit exposure to hazardous conditions.

4. Ergonomic Hazards

Ergonomic hazards develop over time due to repetitive motions and poor workstation setup. Common ergonomic risks include:

• Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
• Frequent lifting
• Poor posture
• Awkward or repetitive movements
• Excessive force
• Vibration

These hazards often lead to musculoskeletal disorders such as back strain. To combat ergonomic hazards, employers can offer training on proper lifting techniques and posture, and consider alternatives like standing desks to reduce the health risks associated with prolonged sitting.

5. Chemical & Dust Hazards

Chemical and dust hazards include substances that can be dangerous when ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with skin. Key hazards include:

• Liquids such as cleaning products, paints, acids, and solvents
• Vapors and fumes from welding or solvent exposure
• Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide, and helium
• Flammable materials such as gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals
• Pesticides

Proper labeling, chemical-resistant safety gear, and rigorous handling procedures are crucial for minimizing the risks posed by these hazards.

For more resources and products to help improve your workplace safety, visit our Workplace Safety category.

Conclusion

By understanding the five main categories of OSHA workplace hazards—Safety, Biological, Physical, Ergonomic, and Chemical & Dust hazards—employers can take effective measures to protect their employees. Implementing robust safety protocols, providing proper PPE, and regularly assessing workplace conditions are key to minimizing risks and creating a secure environment.

Prioritizing safety not only reduces the risk of accidents and injuries but also enhances overall productivity and employee well-being. Stay informed and proactive to ensure a safer workplace for everyone.